Business Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Taxation - Essay Example However, before understanding this type of relief, it is needed to understand what exactly double taxation is. Double taxation is defined as a situation in which a company may need to pay two or more taxes for the same asset, financial transaction or its income. Generally the situation of double taxation arises due to the overlapping of tax laws and jurisdiction between different countries when there is a company or individual residing in one country while doing business in another country. The double taxation relief helps in allowing a company or the individual to get the tax reduction from any one of its linked country, may be it is the residing country or the profit gaining country. A group loss relief helps in allowing one company to surrender its current trading losses, excess management charges, and excess income charges to another company in the group. Here, the profits of the recipient company are set against the tax loss so that the surrendering company can get a payment on the basis of the tax saved. Again, it is common practice that a company or an individual residing in one country might want to make a taxable gain in terms or earnings and profits in another country. However, there is possibility that he need to pay tax on that gain locally as an obligation to the domestic, while at the same time, me may again need to pay tax in the country where he has made the gain. To provide companies and individuals relief from such types of bindings, many countries involved in bilateral double taxation agreements among themselves. These agreements are mainly of two types. In the first type, tax is needed to be paid by the individual or the company in its resident country only while exempting tax in the country where the gain arises. In the second case, the country in which the business gains receives the tax from the company, while the company in turn, receives a compensating tax credit in the residing country

Hasty Desicion Essay Example for Free

Hasty Desicion Essay Who falls in love after seeing each other for only one night. Romeo and Juliet has made some hasty decisions for those few days they were together. What do i mean about hasty decisions is like getting married and not never telling their parents knowing that they hate each other. Romeo killing Juliets cousin Tybalt during a little fight. And Romeo killing himself after hearing that Juliet fake her death. That is what i mean about hasty decisions. Romeo and Juliet were very young Juliet was fourteen years old and Romeo was sixteen or seventeen years old. Romeo and Juliet falls in love with each other as soon as they saw each other. It was at a dance. Romeo and Juliet families did not like each other for nothing in the world thats what makes it worst. How are you going to have a relationship with someone if the parents doesnt approve of it thats kind of miss up right. So they had a secret wedding that only the nurse and the preacher know about. Thats one the hasty decisions that were made in this story. In the story of Romeo and Juliet they make another hasty decision. Romeo kills Juliet cousin Tybalt . Romeo has made a very huge hasty decision right here by killing a family member. What makes it very bad is that the families a families already dont like each other and he go and kills his wife cousin. So they go and deliver the news to the families and Juliet family says that Romeo should die for doing a such thing. So now that Romeo has killed Tybalt is focus to move out the city or he will be killed. The last hasty decision that was made was that happen in the story is that Romeo has killed himself with some position . Romeo kills himself because he heard that Juliet killed herself. So now Romeo is gone and died somewhere else . Then they tell Juliet and she fake her death. So now that the truth commas out about them . The nurse ends up telling the families that they were married and had no other choices about but to just to get alone with each other choice but to like each other. In conclusion their were so much more hasty decision that were made. And i just chose to do those three to write my essay on how they made bad things like. Married without telling either of their parents knowing that they hate each other, Romeo killing juliets cousin Tybalt and almost getting himself killed, and Romeo and Juliet drinking a position to kill their self and that killed Romeo and they never said if it killed Juliet. But i think it did in my own opinion. That is my way of them trying to show their hasty decision. I wonder what would happen to me if i did any of these types of hasty decision that they had made.

Moments of Life Essay -- essays research papers

Moments of Life How does it seem to be that a natural man who has devoted his life to philosophy should be cheerful in the face of death? It seems that he is confident of finding the greatest blessing in the next world when his life is finished. Philosophy and religion have many differences pertaining to how you live your life and what happens to your soul when you die. Their ideas are so different, yet so alike. Living a philosophical life is to find the truth, to search for wisdom. The love and pursuit of wisdom is religious in a way. It is essential for the nurturing and growth of the soul as well as for the health and welfare of the state. "The unexamined life is not worth living" (Apology 38a). Socrates would rather die than give up philosophy. Philosophy is the practice for death and dying because it is the performance for separation from the body, in which a philosopher is trying to achieve the whole time, trying to separate your soul from the worldly desires. There is not a point in partaking of these worldly desires because they are never perfect. No matter how beautiful something is, it is never perfect, there is always something that could be changed to make it better. The separation of the body and soul is a philosopher’s wish being granted. The art of practicing philosophy can be devoted into one group: the progression and knowledge of the soul. Socrates was put in Athens in order to push people, to have them challenge their own souls knowledge. Socra...

New Industries in the Caribbean Essay

Caribbean economies from their earliest periods of colonization were essentially agrarian based (during slavery). Economical activities included livestock farming and small farming done by the peasants. There were also trading and commerce which included the establishment of shops, inns and taverns. Large plantations were worked by a mass of slaves with the premier crop being Sugar Cane. When the colonizers first came to the West Indies they mainly grew crops such as coffee, cotton, ginger, banana and cocoa mainly for export. However during the second half of the 18th century, these crops lost their comparative advantage to sugar. When sugar experienced its depression the planters relaxed their stronghold over control of the land and some estate workers turned their attention to the peasant sector and other industries. NEW INDUSTRIES By the beginning of the twentieth century, the peasantry had begun to play a very important role in the diversification of the West Indian economies. The Royal Commissions before the Norman Commission, and the Norman Commissions had made recommendations for the development of the peasantry (Curtis: p 32). Many of the export crops recommended by the Norman Commission were already being cultivated by the peasantry. For these crops to have greater success, the peasantry would need capital for greater investment. But this capital was not forthcoming. This was due to the fact that they had limited capital, occupied small plots of land because they were charged a lot for these lands. Additionally the peasants cannot produce at subsistence level. The black peasantry in particularly faced a number of obstacles which included the increase in land prices, eviction from lands, refusal to subdivide and sell lands and also heavy taxations. The planters most of the times sold large pieces of lands for lower cost to the whites in comparison to the ex-slaves. Rice, which had been cultivated earlier as a subsistence crop in Guyana began to assume importance as a cash crop in the late nineteenth century. The abandonment of sugar cultivation on some estates made more land available, as did the opening up of riverain crown lands in 1898 on what for some were manageable terms of purchase. By 1900 government interest was being channeled through the board of agriculture ith conducted experiments in different rice varieties and supplied seed to the growers. A more objective was to develop a uniform grain size to reduce wastage in the milling process and by 1908 this had been substantially achieved. All of this stimulated further expansion so that, whereas in 1891 the land under rice amounted to only 4000 acres, there was a tenfold increase in the following two decades, and by 1917 for every ten acres planted in sugar, Guyana, eig ht acres were planted in rice. Expanding rice acreage was accompanied by the mushrooming of small mils. In 1914 there were 86 of them in existence. They were hardly elaborate structures but they were linked to the large mercantile firms in the capital and they controlled growers in the villages through a system of advances. Many of the millers, like many large rice growers were Indians who employed Indian labour, and the evidence suggests that ethnicity hardly guaranteed favourble treatment. In 1905 it was exporting to the Caribbean. Rice enjoyed considerable prosperity during the first war. In the inter-war period alternative sources of supply to the Caribbean market dried up and this provided the main basis for the steady expansion of the industry in Guyana. Guyana is by far the most important producer of rice in the Commonwealth Caribbean. There were about 20 thousand peasant farmers in 1952; by 1965 their numbers were believed to have more than doubled, reaching 45 thousand. There were 222 rice mills in 1960 and 199 in 1970. All were privately owned, except two which were owned and operated by the Rice Development Company. Bananas were first introduced into Jamaica in 1516. However the first exports took place in 1869 after the depression of sugar. As the industry flourished American companies came in to handle the trade as the peasants supplied bananas to a US [Boston] banana trader Lorenzo Dow Baker. Boston Fruit Company later formed to trade in Bananas with Caribbean and Central America which later became the United Fruit Company [UFCo]. By 1890 the value of Banana exports exceeded that of sugar and rum, and it retained this position except for a few years until the Second World War. By 1937 Jamaica provided twice as many stems as any other country in the world. It thus became a plantation crop-corporations and large entrepreneurs. Banana soon became the principal exports from Jamaica, and Windward Island. Trading partners also changed-Destination was now USA. During the war the industry declined because the ships could not be spared to transport the product. By the beginning of the nineteenth century coffee was also an important crop in Jamaica (The Banana production was done mainly by the Middle class mulattoes). During the depression sugar farmers in Trinidad turned their attention to cocoa which was the first major export of the island, and by 1900 it had become the major export once again. It retained this position until 1921 when Ghanaian cocoa began to swamp the world market. During that time too cocoa was also an important crop in St. Lucia, St. Kitts and St. Vincent. In the 1930’s citrus, which had been cultivated in the stricken cocoa areas became important. So too did Pineapples in the 19th century. Relatively small scale farmers earned cash for production of bananas, coffee, cocoa and pimento for exports. They also produced tubers, fruits and vegetables for domestic markets. A substantial part of small farming was for subsistence with relatively small surpluses for sale. Bauxite, tourism and urban-based manufacturing and services replaced export agriculture as the dominant sectors of the economy in the post-war era, as the British West Indies pursued a programme of â€Å"industrialization-by-invitation† The mineral resources which include bauxite, aluminum, gold et cetera have been developed by foreign capital and for the export market, to a much greater extent than the main agricultural products. In Guyana the American-owned Bauxite industry shipped its first load of ore in 1922. Expansion was steady throughout the inter-war period but it was not until the second war that bauxite became an important force in the economy. The Jamaican bauxite industry was developed by American companies after the second war. Demand for aluminum by the United States military and space programmes and by the automobile and other consumer goods industries created a lucrative market for bauxite and aluminum. As of such in 1957 Jamaica became the world’s leading bauxite producer and the main U. S. supplier. The U. S. dollar earnings from this new export financed the import of capital goods manufacturing industries that were set up to produce for the growing domestic and regional markets. The investment cycle of the multinational bauxite mining companies began topping offs as the decade of the 1960s drew to a close. Bauxite and aluminum thus replaced sugar and bananas as the leading export product after the Second World War. In 1964 Jamaican bauxite industry had over 800 registered manufacturing establishments including a cement factory, cigarette factories, breweries and bottling plants, extiles, clothing factories and plant producing soap, margarine and edible oil. In February 1967 an agreement was announced between the Jamaican government and an American metal-fabrication company to erect an aluminum plant in Jamaica. The petroleum industry in Trinidad and Tobago is the oldest mineral industry in the common-wealth Caribbean. The first successful well dates back to 1857 but it was not until the first decade of this century that the industry was established. By 1909 the country was exporting oil and by 1919 five refineries were in operation. The industry is largely owned and controlled by foreigners. The production of crude oil is mainly in the hands of four companies-Texaco, Shell, Trinidad Northern Area owned by Trinidad Tesoro, Shell and Texaco as equal partners. However by 1980 the government had purchased all foreign operations except Amoco. The tourist industry was developed after the Second World War, and this two is foreign owned and controlled. This industry is an offshoot of the banana and bauxite industry especially in Jamaica. The establishment and development of the tourist industry were facilitated by incentive legislation and special institutions. Jamaica passed the Hotels Aid Law, 1944, granting accelerated depreciation allowances and duty-free importation of materials for the construction and furnishing of hotels, and the Hotel Incentives Law, 1968, granting tax holidays and other concessions. The Hotel Aids Act passed in Barbados in 1967 allows duty free importation of building materials and equipment and grants a tax holiday of ten years. And all three territories set up Tourists Boards to promote and service the industry. As in the other generating sectors of the economies, there is a large proportion of foreign ownership in the tourist industry. In 1971 thirty-five per cent of the hotels in Jamaica were wholly foreign owned, 56 per cent wholly locally owned and 9 per cent joint ventures. Foreign ownership was more pronounced in Barbados. Foreigners owned 61 per cent of the capacity there: 33 per cent was owned by nationals of the United Kingdom. 16 per cent by Canadians and 12 per cent by Americans. Barbadians owned 34 per cent, and 5 per cent was jointly owned. Local ownership was dominant (80 per cent) among the smaller establishments which provided 25 per cent of the total capacity. Trade and commerce was also taking place in many places in the British West Indies as well. According to Beckles and Shepherd (1993) â€Å"export trade in the British Islands showed in a number of the units spectacular increases to the peak of prosperity between 1929 and 1940. † British Guiana traded with Europe and North America, commodities such as sugar cane, coffee and fruits. Trinidad exported petroleum products such as oil to places such as North America and the United Kingdom. Jamaica too traded tropical fruits, sugar cane, coffee, cocoa and other commodities with Europe and North America. In the late 1950s, Jamaica became the biggest supplier of bauxite to the United States. RACE: The Indians are concentrated mainly on the sugar estates while the Africans are concentrated in the villages and the towns. The Africans have always been more mobile geographically and socially and the chief supporters of the urbanization movement. They provide the overwhelming majority of the labour force in the bauxite industry and mining camps in the interior of Guyana, and the petroleum industry in Trinidad, and the bulk of the factory and service workers in both countries. Until the 1950s they occupied a somewhat monopolistic position in the white-collar and professional positions. The Indians supply the bulk of the field sugar workers and also the rice producers in Guyana. -Europeans owned most of the wealth-producing assets in the colonial economy. The indigenous Ihere, imported labour] populations were allowed to engage in small-scale peasant farming on the fringes of large white-owned plantations but mainly relegated to providing cheap labour for the white settlers in the expanding corporate economy. Where this posed problems, intermediary racial groups (Chinese, Indians, etc. ) were brought in to fill the gaps in labour supply. As export staples increased the wealth base of the colonial economy and as some diversification into minerals, tourism and manufacturing increased that wealth base further, commerce and services expanded. This opened up opportunities for small-scale capital and smaller entrepreneurial firms to operate alongside the large white-controlled corporations. (Thompson: p 244). In Jamaica, this intermediate minority group comprised immigrant â€Å"white ethnics† like the Lebanese and Jews (who joined a much older community of Jamaican Jews dating back to the period of colonization and settlement) and the Chinese, whose upper and middle echelons, occupying a â€Å"shopkeeper† niche, secured for the group the real and/or symbolic function of â€Å"social whites†. A racially mixed â€Å"brown middle class† also formed a component of this â€Å"minority, intermediary ethnic group†. The traditional white planter class was displaced both by foreign corporate capital, whose interests were concentrated on sugar, and later bauxite and tourism, and the intermediary ethnic groups with whom they eventually merged. The latter groups formed a domestic merchant and manufacturing sector alongside the transnational enclaves. A black rural middle class emerged on the basis of medium-sized holdings concentrating on export crops such as bananas, pimento, coffee and citrus. They comprised a tiny minority of the rural population, however, most of whom occupied a range between full-time peasants and full-time proletarians. The race related dualism of Caribbean economy was classically exhibited in the division between the (TNC or â€Å"Jamaica-white†-owned) plantation and (black) peasant economies of rural Jamaica. In 1938, this division was reflected in a tenure system which â€Å"concentrated over fifty per cent of agricultural land into some 800 holdings and left nearly 100,000 poor peasants and their families with twelve per cent of the land* (Post, 1981: 2-3). In addition, the black peasant economy was itself internally stratified, partly along the lines of the division between export production and domestic food crop production, which was itself related to size of holding. In addition, there were roughly 80,000 households at the lower margins of the peasantry with an average of a quarter of an acre each. .A significant bureaucratic and professional black middle class emerged, but Blacks failed to challenge the entrenched economic positions of the intermediary-ethnic elites. In the meantime, economic frustration and disfranchisement led large numbers of peasant and working class Blacks to participate in â€Å"a massive outward migration to Britain and a large-scale exodus from rural to urban areas, which translated rural poverty into urban ghettoes and urban poverty† (ibid. : 252). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, many ethnic elites from the BWI began migrating abroad. This â€Å"created unanticipated and unexpected new openings for black entry into the entrepreneurial class and facilitated large-scale entry of Blacks into the middle and upper levels of private sector management† (ibid: 254). Blacks became well established within the corporate managerial elite and gained a foothold in many sectors of the economy manufacturing, construction, business services, tourism, commerce and agriculture alongside the still dominant minority ethnic groups. Their enterprises tended to be smaller, but a few were large. Other developments were the growth of import-trade higglering, which represented an expansion and in some cases a very lucrative enhancement of a traditional female working class role. The big corporate sector enterprises in insurance, banking, distribution, manufacturing, hotels and services remained under the predominant ownership of the economically dominant minority Jews, Whites, Lebanese and Browns†. Indeed, migration of some of the less important families appears to have facilitated a consolidation and expansion of corporate ownership among the biggest capitalist families.

Drug Essay Essay

â€Å"Drug abuse and addiction are major burdens to society; however, staggering as these numbers are, they provide a limited perspective of the devastating consequences of this disease† Essay On Drugs Numerous incidents have been reported in television and social Medias in this persuasive  essay about drugs users and dealers who are caught in the acts, especially in those squatters area or what they call â€Å"drug dens†. Not only those person who live in this populated area are being reported to the authorities but believe it or not powerful persons like government officials also indulge their selves in using prohibited drugs. Most of the drug users in the Philippines are young people. Illegal drugs that are present include marijuana, LSD, opiates, and barbiturates. While there are no accurate statistics available, it is estimated that as many as 60,000 young people in the Philippines are dealing with drug addiction. So what is the reason why this young people are attracted to use this illegal drugs? Maybe you will agree with this points I’ve listed. I’ll focus my discussion on young people who use prohibited drugs. First, Enjoyment. Despite all the concerns about illegal drug use and the attendant lifestyle by young people, it is probably still the case that the lives of most young people are centred on school, home and employment and that most drug use is restricted to the use of tobacco and alcohol. They may adopt the behaviour, fashion and dialect of a particular subculture including the occasional or experimental use of illegal drugs without necessarily adopting the lifestyle. Even so, the evidence of drug use within youth culture suggests that the experience of substances is often pleasurable rather than negative and damaging. So possibly the main reason why young people take drugs is that they enjoy them. Second, Environment. Many young people live in communities which suffer from poverty, with high unemployment, low quality housing and where the surrounding infra-structure  of local services is fractured and poorly resourced. In such communities drug supply and use often thrive as an a lternative economy often controlled by powerful criminal groups. As well as any use that might be associated with the stress and boredom of living in such communities, young people with poor job prospects recognise the financial advantages and the status achievable through the business of small scale supply of drugs. Third, Curiosity. Most young people are naturally curious and want to experiment with different experiences. For some, drugs are a good conversation point, they are interesting to talk about and fascinate everyone. Lastly, Personal Problems. Some young people will use drugs specifically to ease the trauma and pain of bad relationships and the physical and emotional abuse arising from unhappy home lives. Such young people will often come to the attention of the school. If these problems can be addressed, then if drugs are involved they can become less of a problem. So how can we prevent this wide spread use of drugs and drug addiction? For me, it is within ourselves, and that is DISCIPLINE. It’s hard for me to know that the lives of my fellow young people are being devastated just because of this prohibited drugs. If I have the opportunity to renew their lives, I would help them by conducting seminars about drug addiction. I will encourage them to join some recreational activities to reverse the ir attention on drugs. I will share to them the Good News, which is Jesus Christ because I believe that He alone can change our lives, from evil to good. Works Cited Currie-McGhee, L. K. Drug Addiction. San Diego, CA, ReferencePoint Press, 2011. Drug Addiction. Strasbourg, Council of Europe Pub., 2005. â€Å"Drug Addiction.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/drug_addiction. â€Å"Editorial Board.† Alcoholism and Drug Addiction, vol. 28, no. 2, 2015, p. iii. doi:10.1016/s0867-4361(15)00035-8.

Indentured Servitude in Virginia essays

Indentured Servitude in Virginia essays Colonial America began as people from Europe chose to journey to the New World. These immigrants were searching for the tales of opportunity as well as escape the grasp of the king and the Church of England. As the population increased in the New World, so did the need of a larger and more broad labor force. The southern colonies in America typically needed more manual labor to farm rice, indigo, tobacco, and needed people to work the robust plantations. As a result of the increase in the demand for more manpower several different methods were used to acquire people from Europe to America. The head right system, indentured servitude, and eventually slavery were used successfully to jump start the southern colonies economy along with forming a social structure. During the 17th and 18th centuries, countless numbers of immigrants, mostly from Europe, sold themselves into bondage in exchange for passage to America. Drifters, drunks, and orphans were kidnapped or deceived by English recruiting agents who worked for merchants and ship captains. But most indentured servants willingly sold themselves into bondage for a term of five to seven years. Their hope was that, once free, in land-rich America, they would rise in the world. About four of every five immigrants to the Chesapeake region in the 17th century came as indentured servants. Unfortunately because of disease and brutally harsh treatment, 40% of the servants would not survive their term of service. Most women servants worked in the masters' household, where many of them were sexually abused and harshly mistreated. If a woman servant had an unexpected child, she had to serve an extra year or so for time lost for pregnancy and childbirth. There was little sense of community or stability in Virginia. Even the family was a precarious thing in a place where there were three times as many men as women, where most husbands and wives died within seven years of their marriage, and wher...

Data handling Essays

Data handling Essays Data handling Essay Data handling Essay I have chosen three categories, which are the height, hand span and the shoe size from the data. My first hypothesis is that taller people will havebigger feet. My second hypothesis is that taller people will have bigger hand spans. I think that there will be a positive correlation between the height with shoe and hand size because its common sense. Most people I see on the streets have big hands and feet when they are tall. I think that both correlations will be very high because of this.I picked a sample of 50 people because 50 out of about 261 pupils will be just about 20% of the people. It uses some of the people and 50 is a nice number to work with. I picked the sample of 50 by using stratified sampling since a random choice is not representative. The sample might contain all 50 boys or all 50 girls might it is random. Also, a stratified sample is more representative because it would be accurate by being based on the information, but it is not perfect.The data that I needed to s tratify are the date of births and the gender of the pupils because older pupils are normally taller.MonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountSeptember11920October14620November71320December91726January13619February171027March151732April9817May91120June121325July91625August4610129132261I counted all the pupils and it came up to 261 pupils, 129 boys and 132 girls. To stratify the data and find out how many boys were born in September, I divided (/) the amount, which is 11 by the total amount, which is 261, and times (x) by 50, the amount of sample needed.If any data is missing or obviously wrong, I will use another person instead.11/26150=2.1I did that for all of the amounts. 14/26150, 7/26150 etcMonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountStratified amount for boysStratified amount for girlsSeptember119202.111.72October146202.681.15November713201.342.49December917261.723.26January136192.491.15February1710273.261.92March1517322.873.26April98171.721.53May911201.722.11June1213252.32.49July916251.723.07August46100.771 .1512913226124.7125.29Next I rounded up the numbers to their nearest whole number.MonthsBoysGirlsTotal AmountSeptember224October314November134December235January213February325March336April224May224June224July235August112252550I then picked out the 50 samples by random with the three categories that I needed, which are the height, the hand span and the shoe size.I will use scatter diagrams and spearmans rank to see what correlation the two hypothesis has and how strong the correlation is.Scatter DiagramsA scatter diagram tells you how closely two things are related, the term correlation.A Strong Correlation means the two things are closely related to each other. A Weak Correlation means there is very little relationship. The line of best fit is a line that roughly goes through the middle of the points. The line can start from anywhere, not just from the y-axis and it doesnt have to go through any of the points exactly but it can. If the line slopes up its positive correlation, if it s lopes down its negative correlation. No correlation means theres no linear correlation.e.gHypothesis 1, taller people have bigger feet.This scatter diagram has a positive correlation because the line of best fit has a positive gradient. We know that this diagram is only moderately strong because the points are not close together. They are not reasonably close to the line of best fit but this shows that taller people have bigger feet.Hypothesis 2, taller people have bigger hand spans.This scatter diagram has a positive correlation. This diagram has a stronger correlation because the points are more bunched up. They are using the same scale so it would be easy to compare. They are quite close to the line of best fit etc. This shows that taller people have bigger hands.Spearmans RankTo compare the strength of the correlation accurately, we have to use Spearmans Rank.Spearmans Rank is written as r and it is a measure of the agreement between two sets of data. It is the more precise way of saying how strong the correlation is. The scale of Spearmans Rank is from -1 to 1.-1 indicates perfect negative correlation. This is sometimes called disagreement. This rarely happens.0 indicates no correlation. This is sometimes described as neither agreeing nor disagreeing.+1indicates perfect positive correlation. This is sometimes called agreement. This rarely happens.Each data value is given a rank depending on its size within the data set. r is based on the difference (d), between corresponding ranks. Spearmans rank correlation coefficient,d is the difference between corresponding ranks (it does not matter if the difference is negative as you have to square it)n is the number of data pairsIf two or more data values are the same, they have tied ranking. E.g if two values have tied ranks at 3rd and 4th, use the mean. 3+4=7, 7/2=3.5, so use 3.5 for both.Hypothesis 1, taller people have bigger feetI rank the height of the pupils in order from 1-50. I did the same again for the s hoe-size, ranking them from 1-50. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.Height nearest cmRanking OrderShoe sizeRanking Order(d)differenced*d1931122111912131-111883115.52.56.251854.5115.5111854.59149.590.251826914864181710.59241808115.5-2.56.251789821.512.5156.2517710115.5-4.520.251761191439175129142417413.5115.5-86417413.59140.50.2517316914-2417316821.55.530.2517316727.511.5132.2517218914-41617119821.52.56.2517021.5115.5-1625617021.5914-7.556.2517021.58.519-2.56.2517021.5541.52040016924.5727.53916924.56349.590.2516827821.5-5.530.2516827727.50.50.2516827541.514.5210.2516729.5541.51214416729.5448.51936116531.5727.5-41616531.5727.5-41616433.5727.5-63616433.5541.586416335914-21441163356.532-3916335634-1116039.5727.5-1214416039.5634-5.530.2516039.55.536-3.512.2516039.5541.52415842541.5-0.50.2515743541.5-1.52.2515544.5727.5-1728915544.5541.5-3915446.54.5470.50.2515446.5448.52415348541.5-6.542.2515049541.5-7.556.25145503.550003356.5The answer wa s 3356.5 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.84 is very close to 1 so it has a very strong correlation. This suggests that taller people have bigger feet.Hypothesis 2, taller people have bigger hand spans.I rank the height of the pupils in order from 1-50. I did the same again for the hand-span, ranking them from 1-50. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.Height nearest cmRanking OrderHand Span, nearest mmRanking Order(d)differenced*d193124032419122501-1118832412-111854.519029.5256251854.5220105.530.25182621015.59.590.2518172354.5-2.56.2518082354.5-3.512.25178921015.56.542.251771021015.55.530.25176112307-4161751222010-2417413.52307-6.542.2517413.5200228.572.251731619029.513.5182.2517316200226361731621015.5-0.50.251721821213-5251711922010-98117021.521512-9.590.2517021.517044.52352917021.5200220.50.2517021.517044.52352916924.5195261.52.2516924.518037.513169168272307-204001682718037.510.5110.2516 827150502352916729.518037.586416729.520022-7.556.2516531.51614816.5272.2516531.520022-9.590.2516433.518037.541616433.519029.5-4161633519825-101001633520119-162561633520718-1728916039.518532.5-74916039.518134-5.530.2516039.518037.5-2416039.518037.5-241584219127-152251574317044.51.52.2515544.518532.5-1214415544.517641-3.512.2515446.517044.5-2415446.5160492.56.251534819029.5-18.5342.251504917044.5-4.520.251455017044.5-5.530.255694The answer was 5694 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.73 is close to 1 so it has a strong correlation. This suggests that taller people have bigger hand spans but this correlation is not as strong as the other correlation. For hypothesis 1, the answer was 0.16 from perfect positive correlation. For hypothesis 2, the answer was 0.27 from perfect positive correlation.So Hypothesis 1 has a stronger correlation. A taller person is more likely to have bigger feet than a large hand span.Just for the HeightI will the tre at boys and girls separately because the results may differ. I wonder if there is any significant difference between the ways the heights of boys and girls are distributed because a small difference could make the whole result different. I will use standard deviation and spearmans rank later to prove this.My hypothesis is that the boys will have a higher dispersion.Mean, Mode and MedianI have also decided to calculate three averages, Mean, Mode and Median.The MeanThe mean is the average, Total of items / Number of items. You add up all the values and divide the amount of values. This is a useful average to use as it uses all the data. The disadvantage is that it could be affected by extreme values.I added up all the height of the boys and it came up to 4363cm. There were 25 values so it was 4363/25. The answer was 174.5cm. The average height of the boys was 174.5cm.I added up all the height of the girls and it came up to 4062cm. There were 25 values so it was 4062/25. The answer was 162.5cm. The average height of the girls was 162.5cm.The ModeThe mode is the most common value of data. This is easy to find but it does not utilise all the data.The mode for boys is 170cm.The mode for girls is 160cm.The MedianThe midpoint in a series of numbers; half the data values are above the median, and half are below. For example, in the odd series 1, 4, 9, 12 and 33, 9 is the median. In the even series 1, 4, 10, 12, 33 and 88, 11 is the median (halfway between 10 and 12). The median is not necessarily the same as the mean. For example, the median of 2, 6, 10, 22 and 40 is 10 but the average is 18. I will find the median by using a cumulative frequency curve. This is useful but it does not use all the data.I will also look at the spread and the range. This is calculated by taking away the smallest value from the biggest. I will calculate the inter quartile range using the cumulative frequency curve. It gives the spread of the middle 50% of the data and is less affected by ex treme values than the range.Standard DeviationStandard Deviation is the square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability, a statistic that measures the dispersion of a sample. This is the formula:X is the value n is the number of valuesX is the meanI listed all the heights of the boys. Then I took away the mean, average (175 to nearest whole number) from each height. I squared the differences and added them up.XX-X(X-X)XX-X(X-X)19318324173-2419116256173-2418813169172-3918510100171-416182749170-525181636170-525180525170-52517839168-74917724164-1112117611163-1214417500160-15225174-11155-20400174-112022The answer was 2022 and I substituted it into the formula.In the end, the answer was 8.99, 9 to nearest whole number.I listed all the heights of the girls. Then I took away the mean, average (163 to nearest whole number) from each height. I squared the differences and added them u p.XX-X(X-X)XX-X(X-X)185224841630017310100160-39170749160-39169636160-39169636158-525168525157-636168525155-864167416154-981167416154-98116524153-1010016524150-1316916411145-18324163001703The answer was 1703 and I substituted it into the formula.In the end, the answer was 8.25, 8 to nearest whole number.Cumulative Frequency Diagrams (On graph paper)Box Plots (On graph paper)In the end, my results prove that I am right with my hypothesis. There is a 0.74 difference (1 to nearest whole number). This proves my hypothesis.I think there are significantly enough differences between the modes, medians and means in the distribution of boys and girls heights to treat them separately.Scatter Diagrams for males and females for Hypothesis 1The results will be different for the boys and for the girls. So the correlation for boys and girls will be different. I will have to investigate further on to prove this. I will show this by creating 2 scatter diagrams, 1 for boys and 1 for girls. I will do t hem separately by sorting them into males and females.The scatter diagrams proved that boys tend to be taller and have bigger feet. However, girls have a stronger correlation by looking at the diagrams. They seem closer to the line of best fit. To prove this, I had to use Spearmans Rank again.Spearmans Rank for Hypothesis 1I will have to do the same as before. I rank the height of the boys in order from 1-25. I did the same again for the shoe-size, ranking them from 1-25. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.GenderHeight nearest cmrank orderShoe sizerank orderdd*dM193112211M1912131-11M1883115.52.56.25M1854115.51.52.25M1825913.58.572.25M181610.5939M1807115.5-1.52.25M1788820.512.5156.25M1779115.5-3.512.25M17610913.53.512.25M17511913.52.56.25M17412.5115.5-749M17412.5913.511M17314.5820.5636M17314.5913.5-11M17216913.5-2.56.25M17117820.53.512.25M170198.518-11M17019913.5-5.530.25M17019115.5-13.5182.25M16821820.5-0.50.25M1642272424M16323913.5-9. 590.25M1602472400M15525724-11695.5The answer was 695.5 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the formula.The answer 0.73 is close to 1 so it has a strong correlation. This suggests that taller boys have bigger feet.I rank the height of the girls in order from 1-25. I did the same again for the shoe-size, ranking them from 1-25. I calculated their differences in ranks and squared the difference for all of them.GenderHeight nearest cmrank orderShoe sizerank orderdd*dF18519100F17327424F1703516.513.5182.25F1694.574-0.50.25F1694.5694.520.25F1686.5516.510100F1686.574-2.56.25F1678.5423.515225F1678.5516.5864F16510.574-6.542.25F16510.574-6.542.25F16412516.54.520.25F16313.569-4.520.25F16313.56.57-6.542.25F16016516.50.50.25F1601669-749F160165.511-525F15818516.5-1.52.25F15719516.5-2.56.25F15520516.5-3.512.25F15421.5423.524F15421.54.5220.50.25F15323516.5-6.542.25F15024516.5-7.556.25F145253.52500967The answer was 967 when I added them all up. I substituted the answer into the fo rmula.The answer 0.63 is not too close to 1 so it has a moderate correlation. This suggests that taller boys are more likely than girls to have bigger feet.ConclusionIn the end, I think that Spearmans Rank was the best because it gave a very accurate answer. It was difficult to work out all the answers but in the end, tall people have bigger feet and hand spans. But the data were only from year 10s in Salendine Nook High School so it only really proves that tall people in year 10 attending Salendine Nook High School have bigger feet and hand spans. However it could mean that all pupils in year 10 in different schools have bigger feet and hand spans. We dont and we wont know though as there are many other factors such as cultural background that we need to know to prove our results right. The data is also flawed as lots of information was missing and pupils imputed their data in differently.I think that I chose the right groups to prove my hypothesis. To improve this and make my resu lts better, I could get other schools data or maybe different years in my school. People like shoe or glove makers can use this data and design more shoes in region of the average size. In the end, I think I proved that my hypothesis is correct.

Tiger I Tank in World War II

Tiger I Tank in World War II The Tiger I was a German heavy tank that saw extensive service during World War II. Mounting the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun and thick armor, the Tiger proved formidable in combat and forced the Allies to alter their armor tactics and develop new weapons to counter it. Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it difficult to maintain and expensive to produce. Additionally, its heavy weight increased fuel consumption, limiting range, and made it hard to transport to the front. One of the iconic tanks of the conflict, over 1,300 Tiger Is were built. Design Development Design work on the Tiger I initially began in 1937 at Henschel Sohn in response to a call from the Waffenamt (WaA, German Army Weapons Agency) for breakthrough vehicle (Durchbruchwagen). Moving forward, the first Durchbruchwagen prototypes were dropped a year later in favor of pursuing the more advanced medium VK3001(H) and heavy VK3601(H) designs. Pioneering the overlapping and interleaved main road wheel concept for tanks, Henschel received permission from WaA on September 9, 1938, to continue development. Work progressed as World War II began with the design morphing into the VK4501 project. Despite their stunning victory in France in 1940, the German Army quickly learned that its tanks were weaker and more vulnerable than the French S35 Souma or the British Matilda series. Moving to address this issue, an arms meeting was convened on May 26, 1941, where Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45 tonne heavy tank. Tiger I tank under construction at Henschel plant. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 To meet this request, Henschel brought forward two versions of its VK4501 design featuring an 88 mm gun and a 75 mm gun respectively. With the invasion of the Soviet Union the following month, the German Army was stunned to encounter armor that was vastly superior to their tanks. Fighting the T-34 and KV-1, German armor found that their weapons were unable to penetrate the Soviet tanks in most circumstances. The only weapon that proved effective was the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun. In response, WaA immediately ordered that prototypes be equipped with the 88 mm and ready by April 20, 1942. In trials at Rastenburg, the Henschel design proved superior and was selected for production under the initial designation Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H. While Porsche had lost the competition, he provided the nickname Tiger. Essentially moved into production as a prototype, the vehicle was altered throughout its run. Tiger I DimensionsLength: 20 ft. 8 in.Width: 11 ft. 8 in.Height: 9 ft. 10 in.Weight: 62.72 tonsArmor ArmamentPrimary Gun: 1 x 8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56Secondary Armament: 2 x 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34Armor: 0.98–4.7 in.EngineEngine: 690 hp Maybach HL230 P45Speed: 24 mphRange: 68-120 milesSuspension: Torsion SpringCrew: 5 Features Unlike the German Panther tank, the Tiger I did not draw inspiration from the T-34. Rather than incorporate the Soviet tanks sloping armor, the Tiger sought to compensate by mounting thicker and heavier armor. Featuring firepower and protection at the expense of mobility, the Tigers look and layout were derived from the earlier Panzer IV. For protection, the Tigers armor ranged from 60 mm on the side hull plates to 120 mm at the front of the turret. Building on the experience garnered on the Eastern Front, the Tiger I mounted the formidable 88 mm Kwk 36 L/56 gun. This gun was aimed using Zeiss Turmzielfernrohr TZF 9b/9c sights and was renowned for its accuracy at long range. For power, the Tiger I featured a 641 hp, 21-litre, 12-cylinder Maybach HL 210 P45 engine. Inadequate for the tanks massive 56.9 tonne weight, it was replaced after the 250th production model with a 690 hp HL 230 P45 engine. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. Due to the extreme weight of the Tiger, a new twin radius type steering system was developed for the vehicle. Another addition to the vehicle was the inclusion of a semi-automatic transmission. Within the crew compartment was space for five. This included the driver and radio operator which were situated in the front, as well as loader in the hull and the commander and gunner in the turret. Due to the Tiger Is weight, it was not capable of using most bridges. As a result, the first 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water 4 meters deep. A time consuming process to use, it was dropped in later models which were only capable of fording 2 meters of water. Tiger I crew making track repairs in the field. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / Vack / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Production Production on the Tiger began in August 1942 in order to rush the new tank to the front. Extremely time-consuming to build, only 25 rolled off the production line in the first month. Production peaked at 104 per month in April 1944. Badly over-engineered, the Tiger I also proved expensive to build costing more than twice as much as a Panzer IV. As a result, only 1,347 Tiger Is were built as opposed to over 40,000 American M4 Shermans. With the arrival of the Tiger II design in January 1944, Tiger I production began to wind down with the last units rolling out that August. Operational History Entering combat on September 23, 1942, near Leningrad, the Tiger I proved formidable but highly unreliable. Typically deployed in separate heavy tank battalions, Tigers suffered high breakdown rates due to engine problems, the overly complicated wheel system, and other mechanical issues. In combat, Tigers had the ability to dominate the battlefield as T-34s equipped with 76.2 mm guns and Shermans mounting 75 mm guns were unable to penetrate its frontal armor and only had success from the side at close range. Due to the superiority of the 88 mm gun, Tigers often had the ability to strike before the enemy could reply. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. Effective in this role, some units were able to achieve kill ratios exceeding 10:1 against Allied vehicles. Despite this performance, the Tigers slow production and high cost relative to its Allied counterparts made such a rate insufficient to overcome the enemy. Through the course of the war, the Tiger I claimed 9,850 kills in exchange for losses of 1,715 (this number includes tanks recovered and returned to service). The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. Fighting the Tiger Threat Anticipating the arrival of heavier German tanks, the British began development of a new 17-pounder anti-tank gun in 1940. Arriving in 1942, QF 17 guns were rushed to North Africa to help deal with the Tiger threat. Adapting the gun for use in an M4 Sherman, the British created the Sherman Firefly. Though intended as a stopgap measure until newer tanks could arrive, the Firefly proved highly effective against the Tiger and over 2,000 were produced. American forces with a captured Tiger I tank in North Africa, 1943. US Army Arriving in North Africa, the Americans were unprepared for the German tank but made no effort to counter it as they did not anticipate seeing it in significant numbers. As the war progressed, Shermans mounting 76 mm guns had some success against Tiger Is at short range and effective flanking tactics were developed. In addition, the M36 tank destroyer, and later the M26 Pershing, with their 90 mm guns also were capable of achieving victory. On the Eastern Front, the Soviets adopted a variety of solutions for dealing with the Tiger I. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tigers armor. Attempts were made to adapt this gun to the T-34 but without meaningful success. In May 1943, the Soviets fielded the SU-152 self-propelled gun which used in an anti-tank role proved highly effective. This was followed by the ISU-152 the next year. In early 1944, they began production of the T-34-85 which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing with the Tigers armor. These up-gunned T-34s were supported in the wars final year by SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns and IS-2 tanks with 122 mm guns.

How to Go Green Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How to Go Green - Research Paper Example This discussion outlines that it’s not easy being green however, there are many strategies that businesses can adopt to become environment friendly. In order to go green, the business executives should understand the aspects such as pollution of land, water and air; global warming; biodiversity; chemical and nuclear spills; waste disposal; deforestation and desertification. There has been always a conflict between business and ethics therefore, most of the times leaders face difficulties in choosing the business decisions that may fit between the businesses profitability and ethics. In the previous years, business owners did not think about the environment whilst making business decisions, unless, there was some regulation that restricted the specific business strategy. In short, business runners have been neither motivated nor dispirited to consider the environmental concerns seriously. The situation has changed now because the increasing corporate social responsibility of th e organizations is becoming a competitive advantage for the businesses. This paper describes the history of green business and increasing awareness of the companies to go green. Through the examples of the companies, it discusses the practices and programs through which businesses can go green. Apart from that, it also evaluates the importance of the concepts of business ethics in enforcing the businesses to go green.

Utilitarianism view on a dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Utilitarianism view on a dilemma - Essay Example If we have chosen the option A and it has a great number of happy consequences as compare to option B, then the decision will be perfect. That all depends upon the great number of goodness. The ethical dilemma, which we have given, is a critical one. According to this dilemma, if a ship is sinking and there is only one life boat on the ship. The life boat has the capacity of only ten people but there are thirty people stranded in the sinking ship. The captain has two options for the utility of the life boat. One is to kill twenty people and save the rest of ten people in the life boat. On the other hand, he may let all them to die on a natural death and thus no one would be killed. In this situation, the dilemma is not of great number of goodness rather it can be explained using the lesser number of sorrow, pain or sadness while selecting anyone option. In this situation, the captain has no choice of having great number of goodness rather he can select only the option where he may have less sorrow over the consequences. If he selects the option of saving ten people on the utility of the life boat then there will be happiness that at least he has saved some people from the danger of death. In this option, he can fully utilize the opportunity of the utility of life boat. However, the dark side of this decision is the killing of more than ten people. This means that if he is saving ten people from death then on the other he is pushing twenty people to towards the death. Here in this situation the number of happiness is less as compare to the number of sorrow or the number of pain. We can say that under the umbrella of utilitarianism, the captain might not go with this decision that he can save ten people while pushing twenty other people to the death. The captain has another second option to adopt for the people. He may not kill any person in the sinking ship rather they may die their natural death. This means that he does not

Critically analyse the approach to Knowledge Management at Tata Steel Essay

Critically analyse the approach to Knowledge Management at Tata Steel - Essay Example Knowledge management was defined by Davenport (1994) as a process of procuring, sharing and using the knowledge in an effective manner. King (2009) on the other hand made his approach in an organizational perspective. He defined knowledge management as planning, organizing and motivating the human resources in order to control the systems and processes in an organization to make sure that all its knowledge associated assets are efficiently employed to achieve organizational goals. Davenport (2005) explained that knowledge management has become very crucial for an organization to gain competitive advantage over its rivals. Knowledge is being considered as a commodity which is used by a firm in order to improve its product, services and operations process. Thus knowledge being an intellectual asset is increasingly appreciated by the organizations in order to ensure future growth and sustainability. Tata Steel first initiated the Knowledge Management process in the year 1999, with an aim to exploit the unused knowledge base in the organization. The company realized that the implementation of the knowledge management will bring about a holistic change in the entire organizational culture. The company established an archive, where all the employees shared their experiences, knowledge and individual process via the intranet. As a result it created a knowledge repository which allowed all the employees to have access to each other’s knowledge and experience. The repositories of individual department were connected to the parent archive, so that any employee irrespective of his department could have access to the huge database of organizational data. After a year of establishing the knowledge repository, the company decided to introduce knowledge communities. It acted as a public forum for likeminded employees where they could share individual experiences and participate in b rain

Systems Development Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems Development Case Study - Essay Example As Pepsico need to improve the control of its spending, this is the reason why Pepsico decided to implement Purchase to Pay. This way, Pepsico could more easily track and analyze purchases, negotiate important discounts on volumes and prevent the overcharged orders. Most of all, Pepsico's objective was to obtain a centralized database of vendors and to make the entire process easier. We are explained, that Pepsico used to pay each vendor at every purchase. With Purchase to Pay, Pepsico makes monthly payments for each vendor, making the entire process less bureaucratic and easier to follow as the vendor is provided itemized statement detailing each bill of lading, invoice number, the amount of each check, and the grand total. The systems development life cycle approach which would have been best used for Pepsico's project regards the nature of the waste that Pepsico suffers from its vendors. By approaching the problem directly where it comes from Pepsico is approaching the problem the best way. Identifying the source of the problem allowed Pepsico to dispose of a wide range of solutions to tackle the issue. Apparently, Purchase to Pay seems to be fitting. Pepsico states that they anticipate" a savings of more than $10 million in the system's first year of operation and more than $43 million over the next three years". If we are in the situation of putting up a systems development life cycle, in the case of Pepsico it woul... e are in the situation of putting up a systems development life cycle, in the case of Pepsico it would appear that vendors would result as an issue, mainly because they are initially the major part of the problem. We would have the difficult task to identify why there are some purchases that are overcharged by some vendors and incorporate these data to the system which would result in helping Pepsico negotiate volume discounts. However, this difficult task would become increasingly difficult as we have to face the other side of the problem, which are the staff of Pepsico who couldn't originally - by a lack of knowledge, training or data - identify the issue when dealing with vendors. In consequence, the investigation should reflect the need of Pepsico to have a better communication within the purchase department. The opportunity inside the environment would be the availability of the data to my disposition. Even though the purchase staff may not be aware of it, I believe that there will be an important mass of data at my disposal. Also, one of the others opportunity would be financial as I could never doubt that a company such as Pepsico would not have the sufficient budget for such an operation. On the other side, another issue, apart from the vendors could be time, as we have seen, important volumes are exchanged everyday. Therefore, Pepsico would need a very rapid answer and proposition to start saving money and minimize costs. I could not doubt finally, that the preliminary phase would not result in a "go" as I don't think any technical problem or incapacity would arise in the scope of the nature of the issue. Naturally, the enormous opportunity would be to initiate a systems development for Pepsico. Not only because I would be initiating such a program

Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research Essay

Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research - Essay Example The essay "Fashion marketing - target customer- stravarious brand research" discovers the marketing of Stradivarius brand. With this concern, the essay intends to research the current retail environment as well as market competition prevailing in the UK business and also the campaign surrounding the launch of Stradivarius. Apart from this, an evaluation of the scale of the launch of the brand, assessment of how the brand will attract the existing along with new customers of Inditex and ideas about generating greater awareness about the brand, will also be highlighted in the essay. Thus, based on this research, a pre-framed questionnaire will be compiled, which will help in building a complete picture of the customers and their expectations in the market sector of retailing. It is quite essential to evaluate the current retail environment prevailing in the business markets of the UK, as Inditex is planning to launch its another globally renowned brand Stradivarius in this region. Acco rding to the report published by Crown (n.d.), it can be apparently observed that the current retail environment prevailing in the UK largely contributes in developing the economy of the nation through employing huge figure of skilled workforce and generating approximately  £17.5 billion taxes among others. The report also highlighted the fact that the retail sector of the UK is viewed to be a foremost leader in the arena of innovation. The international retail brands operating in the business markets of the UK.

Systems Development Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems Development Case Study - Essay Example As Pepsico need to improve the control of its spending, this is the reason why Pepsico decided to implement Purchase to Pay. This way, Pepsico could more easily track and analyze purchases, negotiate important discounts on volumes and prevent the overcharged orders. Most of all, Pepsico's objective was to obtain a centralized database of vendors and to make the entire process easier. We are explained, that Pepsico used to pay each vendor at every purchase. With Purchase to Pay, Pepsico makes monthly payments for each vendor, making the entire process less bureaucratic and easier to follow as the vendor is provided itemized statement detailing each bill of lading, invoice number, the amount of each check, and the grand total. The systems development life cycle approach which would have been best used for Pepsico's project regards the nature of the waste that Pepsico suffers from its vendors. By approaching the problem directly where it comes from Pepsico is approaching the problem the best way. Identifying the source of the problem allowed Pepsico to dispose of a wide range of solutions to tackle the issue. Apparently, Purchase to Pay seems to be fitting. Pepsico states that they anticipate" a savings of more than $10 million in the system's first year of operation and more than $43 million over the next three years". If we are in the situation of putting up a systems development life cycle, in the case of Pepsico it woul... e are in the situation of putting up a systems development life cycle, in the case of Pepsico it would appear that vendors would result as an issue, mainly because they are initially the major part of the problem. We would have the difficult task to identify why there are some purchases that are overcharged by some vendors and incorporate these data to the system which would result in helping Pepsico negotiate volume discounts. However, this difficult task would become increasingly difficult as we have to face the other side of the problem, which are the staff of Pepsico who couldn't originally - by a lack of knowledge, training or data - identify the issue when dealing with vendors. In consequence, the investigation should reflect the need of Pepsico to have a better communication within the purchase department. The opportunity inside the environment would be the availability of the data to my disposition. Even though the purchase staff may not be aware of it, I believe that there will be an important mass of data at my disposal. Also, one of the others opportunity would be financial as I could never doubt that a company such as Pepsico would not have the sufficient budget for such an operation. On the other side, another issue, apart from the vendors could be time, as we have seen, important volumes are exchanged everyday. Therefore, Pepsico would need a very rapid answer and proposition to start saving money and minimize costs. I could not doubt finally, that the preliminary phase would not result in a "go" as I don't think any technical problem or incapacity would arise in the scope of the nature of the issue. Naturally, the enormous opportunity would be to initiate a systems development for Pepsico. Not only because I would be initiating such a program

What are the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism Assignment

What are the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism - Assignment Example This suggests that while the speaker may use Spanish at home, the same person may use English while at school. In addition, bilingualism may arise out of individual choice to study a language other than the primary language. In the end, bilingualism has both its advantages and disadvantages. The ability to communicate in two different languages is the immediate benefit of bilingualism. The expanded communication ability enables a student access a larger world than usual. In addition, it enables a student enjoy enriching cultures from different communities. This enhances learning, as a student is able to understand different contexts when applied to cultural education. Language is essential since it gives insight into other people’s experiences, perspectives, history, and culture (Fish & Morford, 2012, P.4, L.23-26). For instance, the bilingual ability could be crucial to deaf students who would wish to develop relationships with their peers who speak the English language. Studies have recommended bilingualism for deaf children. When such children learn both ASL and English, the aptitude in the second language becomes an indicator of the mastery of ASL (Baker, 2011, P. 3, L.66-67). Proper acquisition of ASL also supports the proficiency in English. Studies show that bilingualism stimulates language production in both languages. This suggests that a speaker’s brain becomes more open to handling information from two languages (Byrd, 2012, P. 20, L. 13-14). In this sense, a bilingual activates dual grammar systems. This is essential when such a speaker uses two languages simultaneously. Simultaneous, in this perspective, means that a bilingual speaker smoothly transitions from one language to another. When bilinguals develop such control, they can easily communicate to individuals who have only mastered a single language. This is a significant factor in translation. Bilingualism, however, burdens the learner. Burden occurs in terms of

Angel and Demons Book Report Essay Example for Free

Angel and Demons Book Report Essay ANGELS AND DEMONS Angels and demons is a heart pounding adventure written by the author Dan Brown and published in 2000. Dan Brown is also famous for his bestselling novel The Davinci code (published 2003); both these novels feature the fictional college professor Robert Langdon as the main character or â€Å"hero† in the story. Both of these stories revolve around the delicate subject of religion as he incorporates religious fact into fantasy. First off, our characters include Robert Langdon who is a professor of symbology at Harvard University. He is flown to a Swedish nuclear research facility known as CERN (Which really does exist) by the director of CERN Maximilian Kohler to investigate the murder of esteemed scientist Leonardo Verta. Leonardo Verta was the head scientist of a research group working on an antimatter energy source until he was killed, and the anti-matter stolen. Robert leaves CERN with Leonardos daughter Vittoria Vetra to Rome in search of the stolen anti-matter. Robert leaves CERN with a new counterpart and one clue to solve the unraveling mystery of who stole the anti-matter and killed Leonardo Verta; the ambigram branded into the scientist chest saying Illuminati. Soon after arriving in Rome Robert and Vittoria are rushed to Vatican City by commander of the Swiss guard Commander Olivetti, as the situation grows more dire after four high ranking cardinals are kidnapped by the illuminati assassin, with one clue, one will each be slaughtered on the alters of science along the path of illumination. When the threat comes in that if they don’t stop the assassin by eight o’clock the Vatican will be destroyed, as they race against the clock to stop the destruction of the Vatican new problems will rise and betrayal is around every corner. This book is strongly recommended for readers who enjoy large scale mysteries and people who enjoy stories involving conspiracies. This is because this story involves a race against time and a struggle to stop a secret society that controls half of the government itself. This tale is a mind bending race against time and an enemy who seems to be everyone and control everything.

Role Of A 1950s American Housewife History Essay

Role Of A 1950s American Housewife History Essay Throughout the 1950s housekeeping duties and taking care of the family was considered a role of the women. Majority of the girls got married at very tender ages and some even ended their opportunities to study in order to get married. They quickly became wives and they established their families by giving birth to many children and becoming young mothers. However, during the Second World War, there was a work force shortage and therefore women were required to take up factory jobs. Immediately after the Second World War the number of women who were working drastically dropped. All the single women who were working were required to quit their jobs in order to get married. The television offered different shows that represented the appropriate gender roles. Being a housewife was the fashionable thing to do and those who followed their careers were considered unwise. This trend did not last for a very long time as there raised a group of feminist movements. These movements influenced ho w women viewed the existing gender roles.  [1]   In the 1950s women received very little say and respect within the society. The women had specific roles that were centered within the household. Women were expected to perform house chores such as keeping the house clean and tidy and taking care of their children. They cooked food and baked bread while also sewing their own clothes. The women ensured that they prepare a warm and delicious meal for their husbands to eat after a long and tedious day at work. This was seen as a sign that they cared and often thought of their husbands. The women also made sure that they cleaned and refreshed themselves just before their husbands arrive. They applied makeup and dressed up in pretty dresses with ribbons in order to look appealing to their husbands. They also ensured that they clear the house of any kind of clutter so that their husbands would return to a clean and comfortable environment. The housewives were also required to make sure that they washed up and dressed all their children and ensure that they had neatly combed hair just before their fathers arrival. On the husbands arrival, the housewives made sure that the home did not have unnecessary noise. It was important that they warmly welcome their husbands with a kind embrace. The housewives were expected to maintain the childrens discipline while enjoying a meal. The women avoided arguments with their husbands and they barely complained even when displeased. Their responsibility was to ensure that they offered their husbands a quiet time to unwind. They gave their husbands a listening ear and gave them soothing refreshments.  [2]   The women in the 1950s were so inclined to their house chores, their children, and husbands that they hardly thought about their own careers. During this period, any woman who did not conform to the housewife role was faced with immense criticism. The women in this era were not provided with equal opportunities as the men. Women were expected to be fully dependent on the men for the provision of all their needs and requirements. The women were required to stay at home in order to take care of their homes, children, and even husbands. No woman received any recognition or credit for being learned or for holding a good job position. It was just important for them to be available in the home for their children and husband. It was very important for them to be present in all the development stages of their children. They also got the opportunity to monitor their childrens learning process and their health conditions. This role was considered an especially difficult task for the women who opted to go to work. This is because of the limited time available to cater for their homes and children and many husbands did not admire such wives. Women were required to be well spoken to their children, husbands and the public. Especially in public, the housewives were expected to introduce themselves properly and not to engage in intelligent conversation. They were not expected to actively talk in the presence of men. In case they disagreed with a certain topic, they were not allowed to voice their opinions. They were expected to be careful about their language content while ensuring that they avoid profanity. Women were in many cases judged according to their homes. The society measured how clean their houses were, their childrens behavior, how happy their husbands were, how they spoke and carried themselves in public.  [3]   During this period, women were required to remain in their marriage setup despite the challenges. Housewives never considered divorce as it attracted a lot of stigma from the society. Women who opted for a divorce were unwelcome within the society and they were faced with huge difficulties. This was especially because they had limited education levels and they unavailability of decent jobs for women. This essentially made it difficult for women to get a home to live in and food for them and their children to eat. Marriage was actually considered a huge incentive for all women and their children. Women sacrificed their happiness and instead worked very hard to ensure that their husbands were happy. They did this in order to maintain a happy home and marriage and to avoid chances of a divorce. Housewives at times had to deal with physical abuse from their husbands and even cater for alcoholic husbands. Despite all this, the women had to persevere in their sad marriages due to stigmatiz ation. Women were also responsible for childbearing despite how they felt. Once a woman got pregnant, she was obligated to give birth. The women gave birth irrespective of whether they were mentally, physically, or psychologically unprepared. The option or act of abortion attracted immense stigmatization even though they had a right to do as they pleased. The stigma caused many women to carry pregnancies that they were not interested in carrying to maturity.  [4]   Women were comfortable with being housewives and barely pursed any form of higher education. After completing their high school education, many women were married and stayed at home. The number of men who attended school for their higher education was far greater than that of women. The education policy that was available in the 1950s was unfair since the education of women was not equally promoted and encouraged. Women were not offered equal opportunities as compared to the men. The womens roles and purposes in the social and economic environment were very limited. The few women who opted to work in the any available position were not considered good wives. This is because there was an assumption that they could not take care of their families properly and work at the same time. This assumption is due to the huge amount of work both at home and at work. Women who chose to work would be inclined to concentrate on one side and neglect the other. In most cases, a family would require a home assistant to take care of the children. The children would miss a mothers love, care, and attention. Therefore, women who pursed a career path in the 1950s usually ended up single since men were more interested in women who could take care of them bear children and personally take care of them children.  [5]   In the 1950s toys such as the Barbie were used to depict the specific gender roles. Most of the toys that were made for little girls were used to mould them into desirable women. The toys allowed the young girls to have a good imagination of how their lives were required to turn out. The toys offered imitations of items and equipments that adult women used within the home. This was in order for the girls to have a feel of what exactly it meant to be a housewife and the chores involved. The boys on the other hand had toys that characterized men as strong and courageous. The color television also strongly affected the roles of women with the shows and advertisements that aired. The color television had impact due to the availability of color that made advertisements more appealing. The television aired advertisements that promoted sexism in the direction of women. The advertisements assumed that women were expected to take up certain roles such as cleaning, childbearing and, cooking. S exism towards women is today considered discriminatory but in the 1950s it was considered a very normal thing. Women were in those days trained to accept the stereotype that assumed women were meant to be housewives. Other adverts portrayed women as dependants on men who fully controlled them and influenced their behaviors. The advertisements confined the women within the home environment and to their household chores. They also offered women with the ideal image of a beautiful housewife and the desired beauty products. Books and magazines written by influential writers also offered a reference point for all housewives in the 1950s.  [6]   Iconic figures seen in televisions, magazines and written in books also influenced the role of women. Individuals such as Marylin Monroe, Lucille Ball and Grace Kelly were amongst the most influencial women in the 50s. Merylin Monroe was a sex symbol and women all over the United States worked very hard to imitate her behaviors to get attention from their husbands. It was important in the 1950s to look appealing and desirable to ones husband and sexual demeanor played an essential role. Its greatest role was to ensure that every husband was comfortable and fully satisfied within the marriage. It also assisted to enhance closeness, faithfulness, minimize arguments, and ensure that no divorces occur. Grace Kelly was a fashion icon and women were inclined to follow her fashion trends. It was important for the 1950s woman to dress up and look pretty. After a long day from work or while attending social functions it was important for men to find and show up with smartly dressed women. The women would always want to look fashionable at every time and season. It was therefore the responsibility of every housewife to be on the high alert for any changes and new trends. Lucille Ball on the other hand acted in a famous television show called I love Lucy. The show p portrayed Lucy as the classic 1950s housewife. She acted as the major character that was very loving and caring for her husband Ricardo. However, Lucy defended herself and did not allow anyone to direct her actions. She worked hard to portray an independent housewife who did not accept to be shoved around. Her acting opened up and influenced other housewives behaviors while ensuring that they remained to be loving and caring to their husbands.  [7]   The 1950s Housewife Influence on Feminism The 1950s have been referred as the bleak era of feminism. After the end of the Second World War, there was a new emphasis on the nuclear family as the basis of the welfare state in Britain. During the War, women were allowed to work outside their homes and took part in the War efforts; however, after the war elapsed, they were encouraged to take the roles of mothers and wives. The government aimed to reestablish the two as the primary occupation for women.  [8]  By 1985, 75 percent of the adult women were married; more specifically, 84.8 percent of women between 45 and 49 years were married.  [9]  At the time, married had become even more popular than before the prewar period. Furthermore, in the post war era, childcare facilities were closed, and there was a limited aid being advanced to working women. However, the state implemented social reforms, which were aimed at providing family allowances that were meant for subsidizing families. More specifically, the subsidies were aimed at supporting women in their roles as wives and mothers.  [10]  Despite the numerous efforts targeted at helping women, they were not satisfied by the position they were accorded. Sue Bruely observes and laments that the progressive vision adopted in the New Britain after the war was fundamentally flawed in its conservative view on women.  [11]  The media: films, radio, and womens magazines had a significant role in shaping the society, these include the attitudes of women towards formal employment. The media had a regressive attitude and positively sought to discourage women from combining employment and marriage. The media embarked on discouraging women from pursuing ca reers and laid emphasis on the womans domesticity and dependence, and encouraged women to return to their noble duties in the kitchen and nursery. Furthermore, television and radio aired womens programs that were dogmatic, and aimed at reinforcing the woman as a successful housewife. Despite the tremendous efforts being laid to return women at their noble duty of being a housewife, the 1950s witnessed a massive stride towards attaining parity for women. This included parity on such issues as equal pay for teachers in 1952, and in male and female positions in the civil service in 1954. The achievement can be traced to the various efforts of feminist movements. For instance, Edith Summerskill fought for the rights of women both in parliament and through the conventional non-party pressure groups throughout the 1950s. furthermore, the feminist writers at the time, such as Viola Klein and Alva Myrdal argued that women could juggle both employment and household jobs well. The era of 1950s has come to be referred to as welfare feminism. The majority of the feminists leaders argued that they adopted a position, which could be termed as reasonable modern feminism; the position advocated for sexual diversity and sought to establish the social contribution by women rather than call for impartiality or equality of gender. During the 1950s, feminism was mainly concerned with social responsibility, and aimed to promote the general welfare of the society. The 1960s fall in the second wave of the feminist movement, and it aimed at putting an end to the social and cultural inequalities between sexes. The achievements made by feminists in the second wave can be traced to the efforts made in the 1950s. The 1950s have seemed like a tranquil moment regarding the traditional notions of the family; however, various trends and events that took place in this period had significant contributions to the liberation of women that gained momentum in the 1960s. In the years following the Second World War, the number of college students grew significantly. However, a significant number of women who had attained college education were married soon after or were married before completing college. In their adopted new roles as housewives, they were soon to be bored and frustrated by the repetitive household jobs and became unsatisfied with their responsibilities as mothers. These women contributed greatly to the feminist movement that took route in the 1 960s. Additionally, though traditional wisdom dictated that the responsibility of women was restricted at home, a significant number of women made a valuable contribution in supplementing their husbands incomes. The Life magazine reported that women held a third of all the jobs available in the United States in 1956. A significant number of these women enjoyed their professions, sought promotion, and equal pay; however, the few rewards and legal resources that were available for women disappointed them  [12]  These discriminatory practices increased the number of women who opted to join the feminist movement. Furthermore, the successes in the civil right movement cases such as the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, which outlawed racial segregation in public schools, persuaded women to believe that reforms were indeed possible. The Lessons the Modern Woman Can Learn From the 1950s Housewife For many years, women suffered a sense of dissatisfaction; however, each woman struggled with the problem alone.  [13]  The materials that were published on women emphasized on enlightening women to seek their fulfillment as wives and mothers. Repeatedly, women were subjected to conventional voices and Freudian sophistications, that they should not desire a greater destiny than their own femininity. The published articles emphasized on educating women on catching and keeping a man, breastfeeding, handling toilet training, coping with sibling rivalry, and breastfeeding; how to purchase a dish washer, bake, and to cook gourmet snails. Furthermore, women were taught on looking, dressing, and making their marriage successful by acting in a feminine manner; and on how to keep their husbands youthful and their sons from becoming delinquents. The lessons also emphasized that women should pity rather than envy the irrational, unfeminine, and unhappy women who sought to be poets, psychiat rists, and presidents. Women learnt that a true feminine did not pursue professions, higher education, political rights, and the opportunities sought by the old-fashioned feminists.  [14]  Therefore, a significant number of the 1950s women devoted their lives from an early age to seeking to find a husband and bearing children. The end of the 1950s was marked with a massive decline in the number of women attending college while the average marriage age dropped to 20 years. Additionally, by the age of 17 years, a significant number of women were engaged. Many women were unhappy with what was commonly referred to as the problem with no name, or the housewifes syndrome as referred by some doctors; however, women continued to have more babies. More so, college students were engaged in having more babies, as opposed to pursuing careers. The women had no career goals, and their aspirations were limited to being married and raising a family; however, they were overly dissatisfied, desperate, and lacked a personality. Women were mere food servers, putter-on of pants, and bed makers. The housewife was unappreciated. The 1950s woman was a stereotypical woman-in-distress, who is always dependent on her husband for survival. She is also perceived as an inept woman; the woman-driver, the extravagant wife who cannot budg et and is the primary cause of the mans downfall. Women were not expected to attend college and most women were married straight after high school and assumed the traditional roles. Women who showed braveness and continued to college were not taught science and mathematics; rather, they were allowed to pursue home economics and cooking. More so, women were not allowed to join in conversations, and men feared learned women due to their tendency to think of their interests and to disagree with the men. Despite the hard and unhappy life of the 1950s women, they have valuable lessons for the modern-day woman. Citing the problems faced by the housewives, the home economist suggested a lack of proper preparation for the housewife; thus, he suggested a more realistic preparation for the housewives, such as high-school classes in home appliances. The home economics class was designed for the female students, and the contents of the course reflected the larger social cultural context in which the home economics was situated in the 1950s. Furthermore, college educators came up with suggestions on increasing the number of discussion groups on home organization and family issues, and on the preparations of women on their adjustment to fit domestic lives and its subsequent roles. These were valuable suggestion for the benefit of both the 1950s woman and the modern woman. The role of women in the 1950s was a retrospective role in various ways. The society had massive expectations on womens behavior both at home and in public. Women had certain roles and the society expected them to fulfill the roles without failure. A woman was expected to be an industrious homemaker, and an obedient and caring wife to her husband and family. Home The ideal wife was expected to be restricted at home, and to nurture her family to gain respect from the society. A hard-working wife had the dinner ready by the time her career husband returned home from work, and a wife was only a valuable and respectable if she obeyed her husband, carried out his orders, and agreed with the husband without question. Even in instances where a woman wanted to voice her opinion, her lack of education would restrict her. The modern-day society is significantly different from that of the 1950s; however, the roles and responsibilities of the 1950s woman, though burdensome, are valuable to some extent. The home economics lesson offered to the 1950s women is valuable to the modern-day housewives. The course taught the preparation of meals; however, it taught more than just the fundamentals of food preparation. The class contained other valuable lessons, which included the principles of food buying and food handling. Furthermore, there are valuable lessons in choosing the most cost-effective and healthy boxed meals from the supermarket, this is perceived as a symbol of success in Americas capitalism.  [15]  Furthermore, housewives of the 1950s were taught on buying such household appliances like the refrigerator and microwaves, these were valuable appliances in food handling and preservation. The lessons are structured to change and shape the minds of young American women. They blended the gender roles and technical issues involved in food preparation, and the marketers interests in asserting a society, which was increasingly influenced by mass consumption agents. The modern American society possesses similarities with the 1950s society. The society is marked with numerous agents of mass consumption and promotional events that are aimed at promoting mass consumption. Furthermore, the increased cost of living and advances in technology have necessitated budgeting and an increased need for budgeting. Therefore, the 1950s housewife offers numerous lessons for the modern-day housewife. The modern-day housewives can learn the principles of food buying and food handling, choosing the most cost-effective and healthy boxed meals from the supermarket, and buying such household appliances like the refrigerator and microwaves. These were critical lessons learned by the 1950s housewives and are of significance to the modern-day housewife.

Ethnic Minorities in America Essay -- Ethnicity Hearing Impaired Paper

Ethnic Minorities in America In the United States the term "minority" often infers membership within an ethnic or cultural minority group. However, this term also encompasses other groups that lack equality, such as women, homosexuals and people with disabilities. By definition, the hearing majority classifies Deaf people as minorities because of their inability to hear. Yet linguists and social scientists argue that the basis of Deaf people's status as a minority group is not one of disability, but as a cultural and linguistic minority (Lane, Hoffmeister and Bahan: 1996: 335-6). In order to assert that Deaf people are a linguistic and cultural minority in America the characteristics of a minority group must first be defined. According to Schaeffer, members of a minority group share the following five characteristics: Members of a minority group experience unequal treatment and have less power over their lives than members of a dominant group. Members of a minority group share physical and cultural characteristics that distinguish them such as skin color or language. Each society has its own arbitrary standard for determining which characteristics are most important in defining dominant and minority groups. Membership in a dominant or majority group is often involuntary Minority group members have a strong sense of group solidarity. Members of a minority group generally marry others from the same group. (Schaffer, 1998: 6) Furthermore, ethnic minorities have other characteristics that set them apart from the majority such as language, national origin and cultural differences. (Schaffer, 1998: 7) Audism is defined as an attitude based on pathological thinking which results in a negative stigma toward anyon... ...ick. The World According to Pat: Reflections of Residential School Days ASLRTC Video Proceedings, TJ Publishers, Silver Spring, MD. Humphrey, Jan and Alcorn, Bob (1995). So You Want To Be An Interpreter: An Introduction to Sign Language Interpreting (2nd Edition) H&H Publishers, Amarillo, TX. Lane, Harlan; Hoffmeister, Rob and Bahan, Ben (1996). A Journey Into the Deaf-World Dawn Sign Press, San Diego, CA. Padden, Carol and Humphries, Tom (1988). Deaf In America: Voices From a Culture Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Schaeffer, Richard T. (1998). Racial and Ethnic Groups (7th Edition) Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc., New York, NY. Shelly, Suan and Schneck, Jim (1998). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Learning Sign Language Alpha Books, New York, NY. Wilcox, Sherman (ed) (1989). American Deaf Culture Linstok Press, Burtonsville, MD.

CASE STUDY: CISCO SYSTEM INC. Essay

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a leading supplier of communications and computer networking products, systems, and services. It was founded in 1984 by Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. The company’s product line includes routers, switches, remote access devices, protocol translators, Internet services devices, and networking and network management software. Cisco serves three main market segments: large organizations, including corporations, government entities, utilities, and educational institutions; service providers, including Internet service providers, telephone and cable companies, and providers of wireless communications; and small and medium-sized businesses whose needs include operating networks, connecting to the Internet, and connecting with business partners. Increasingly, Cisco’s products are appearing in the consumer marketplace. Cisco operates globally, deriving roughly 44 percent of its sales from overseas business. ï  ¬Challenges and Risks Faced in NPI 1.Time-to-Market Pressure Cisco had to launch the new product extremely quickly There is only one year for Cisco to launch the Viking product to market with low cost. Otherwise, the market share might loss. However, it is about 3 to 5 years for Cisco to launch a high-end product. To meet such tighten schedule, it is imperative for Cisco team to perform a very collaborative operation and concurrent engineering in whole supply chain and NPI phase 2.Cost Pressure Bandwidth prices were constantly falling and customer expected continuous improvements in price-performance on their equipment. The competitor keeps intensive discount on price. Cisco had to implement most cost effective-supply chain at launch and product design. 3.Immense Technical Complexity The product router contained about 300,000 components, about 30 times more than in a small business router. How to successfully launch such a high complexity product in a low cost contract manufacturer like Foxconn requires Cisco monitor and cooperate with CM carefully. 4.Outsourcing Production of Complex Machines In order to put all the pieces together with the highest quality, reliability and on-time performance required in the demanding service provider market. Cisco faced the challenges inherent to outsourcing production of such a complex machine, and therefore Cisco would have to work closely with the contractor to reduce production and supply chain risks. 5.Continuous Cost Down Pressure from Emerging Market Cisco needed to ensure that router would be attractive to service providers worldwide. Emerging markets were the fastest-growing part of Cisco’s business, which needed lower cost, so keeping the router’s costs was important to its global success.

Sociology and Correct Answer

Question 1 0 out of 10 points Which of the following is an example of an application of midrange theory? Answer Selected Answer: analyzing how a shopkeeper interacts with customers Correct  Answer: exploring the role of churches in rural areas Response Feedback: Feedback:   Recall that midrange theory attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function. ? Question 2 10 out of 10 points Justin decides to conduct research for a class project by recording and assessing how people choose where to sit on a public bus. Which type of sociology is this? Answer Selected Answer: microsociology Correct  Answer: microsociology Response Feedback: Feedback:   Recall that microsociology seeks to understand local interactional contexts and focuses on face-to-face encounters ? Question 3 10 out of 10 points Which of the following is an example of a social institution? Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Correct  Answer: all of the above| Response Feedback: Feedback:   Social institutions do not have to be established by any particular organization or group and do not necessarily have physical locations. ? Question 4 0 out of 10 points Which of the â€Å"founding fathers† of sociology put forth the idea that sociologists should examine social behavior from the perspective of those engaging in the behavior? Answer Selected Answer: Emile Durkheim Correct  Answer: Max Weber ? Question 5 0 out of 10 points Sociology is the study of _____. Feature Article –  Sociology Test Answer Selected Answer: human society Correct  Answer: all of the above ? Question 6 10 out of 10 points Which of the following describes a difference between sociology and psychology? Answer Selected Answer: Sociology focuses on social structures and group interactions, while psychology focuses on the urges, instincts, and mind of the individual. Correct  Answer: Sociology focuses on social structures and group interactions, while psychology focuses on the urges, instincts, and mind of the individual. ? Question 7 10 out of 10 points Sociology is distinct from other academic disciplines in its attempt to _____. Answer Selected Answer: detect patterns in how different societies handle or respond to similar phenomena Correct  Answer: detect patterns in how different societies handle or respond to similar phenomena ? Question 8 10 out of 10 points Examining the interactions between people with a focus on how the people talk, dress, and use body language is an example of which theory? Answer Selected Answer: symbolic interactionism Correct  Answer: symbolic interactionism Response Feedback: Feedback:   Symbolic interactionism is a micro-level approach that focuses on how face-to-face interactions create the social world. ? Question 9 10 out of 10 points The examination of everyday human social interactions on a small scale describes _____. Answer Selected Answer: microsociology Correct  Answer: microsociology ? Question 10 10 out of 10 points Social identity is _____. Answer Selected Answer: a way that individuals define themselves in relation to groups they are a part of or groups they choose not to be a part of Correct  Answer: a way that individuals define themselves in relation to groups they are a part of or groups they choose not to be a part of ? Question 11 0 out of 10 points Paradoxically, using our sociological imagination helps us _____. Answer Selected Answer: create an image of how people in other societies live Correct  Answer: make the familiar strange ? Question 12 10 out of 10 points Which of the following contributors to the development of sociology argued for the importance of identifying scientific laws that govern human behavior? Answer Selected Answer: Auguste Comte Correct  Answer: Auguste Comte ? Question 13 0 out of 10 points Which of the following is an example of using one’s sociological imagination? Answer Selected Answer: creating different hypotheses to explain an individual’s behavior Correct  Answer: being puzzled by how people in another country greet one another and then thinking about how people in your own country greet one another and why they do it the way they do Response Feedback: Feedback:   Using your sociological imagination allows you to recognize how the social world works and why. ? Question 14 10 out of 10 points Justin enters a clothing store and a security guard immediately notices him and follows Justin’s actions on a security monitor. Justin is aware of the security guard's actions and adjusts his own behavior to avoid potential confrontation with the security guard. This is an example of which sociological concept? Answer Selected Answer: double consciousness Correct  Answer: double consciousness Response Feedback: Feedback:   Recall that having a double consciousness takes the external opinions of an often racially prejudiced onlooker into consideration. ? Question 15 10 out of 10 points A social institution can be described as _____. Answer Selected Answer: a group of social positions, connected by social relations, that perform a social role Correct  Answer: a group of social positions, connected by social relations, that perform a social role ? Question 16 0 out of 10 points Your friend Allison is concerned with the messages that young girls and boys receive about careers that are suitable for them from their elementary school teachers. Based on Allison's position, it is likely that she is a(n) _____. Answer Selected Answer: functionalist| Correct  Answer: feminist Response Feedback: Feedback:   Feminist research focuses on inequalities based on gender categories and researchers study women's experiences at home and in the workplace. ? Question 17 10 out of 10 points The Chicago School of American Sociology emphasized the importance of _____. Answer Selected Answer: the environment in shaping people’s behavior and personalities. Correct  Answer: the environment in shaping people’s behavior and personalities. ? Question 18 10 out of 10 points According to Karl Marx, throughout history social change has been sparked by _____. Answer Selected Answer: class conflict Correct  Answer: class conflict ? Question 19 10 out of 10 points Which of the following American sociologists applied Durkheim’s theory of anomie to explain African American crime rates? Answer Selected Answer: W. E. B. DuBois Correct  Answer: W. E. B. DuBois ? Question 20 10 out of 10 points Questioning the reasons why people choose to attend college and the importance of a college degree is an example of _____. Answer Selected Answer: using the sociological imagination Correct  Answer: using the sociological imagination Response Feedback: Feedback:   Using your sociological imagination allows you to recognize how the social world works and why. ? Question 21 0 out of 10 points Postmodern theorists argue that _____. Answer Selected Answer: people cannot agree on how to define basic terms Correct  Answer: all phenomena have multiple meanings and no one meaning can be more valid than another